Introduction to Linux System Administration in DevOps

Introduction to Linux System Administration in DevOps

DevOps

DevOps is a combination of philosophy, culture and cultural tools that increase the capacity of an organization to deliver applications and high speed services: enhancing and updating products quickly as compared to organizations using the software development process and management. infrastructure.



Linux System Administration

This series of articles, which explains various concepts and commands in Linux, points to new ones in Linux. We take a look at the basics of Linux to get a better understanding of the power it has. Linux is a major force in computing technology, driving everything from mobile phones and personal computers to supercomputers and servers. The job of a systems administrator is to manage the operations of a computer system. Since most computer devices work with Linux, it makes sense to learn it. At the end of this article, you should be able to know and understand:
         • Linux file systems
         • file system hierarchy
         • Linux online manual page
         • User root / super
         • File and directory management
All commands are demonstrated using a CentOS Linux distribution.

The Linux file system

A file system is a method to store files on a hard drive. There are different types of file systems compatible with Linux:
        • Conventional disk file systems: ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS, Btrfs, JFS, NTFS, etc.
        •  Flash storage file systems: ubifs, JFFS2, YAFFS, etc.
        • Special purpose file systems: procfs, sysfs, tmpfs, debugfs, etc.

File system hierarchy standards

The Linux system stores the files according to a standard design called the file system hierarchy ??. The most common Linux directory structure is shown in the Linux online manual page
One of the key features of Linux is that it provides online help on each
single command. To access the Linux manual page (manual), type the following command:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ man ls

This will provide the manual page of the ls command.

Root or super user

This is a special type of user account, which has all kinds of permissions to make any modification to a Linux program or service. The su command is used to become a root or super user. Enter the following command and enter the root password to become a root or super user.

File and directory management

In Linux, ?? everything is a file ?? This means that when we work with normal text files or with device files, we interact with them through commands related to the operation of files. Some file operations are discussed below.

Create a file: there are two commands to create a file: touch and cat. The touch command simply creates an empty file. Enter the following command to create an empty document:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ touch file1

cat is used to create and view a file. Enter the following command to create a file:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ cat> file1

To see a file type, use the following command:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ cat file1

Copy a file: the cp command is used to copy a file from one location to another, as shown below:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ cp file1 / home / bhargab / Documents /

This command copies a file from the current working directory to / home / bhargab / Documents /.
represents the following permission, number of links, name of the owner, name of the group, size in bytes, date and time, and name of the file. The permit field consists of 10 subfields. The first field represents the type of file. The following three fields represent the owner's permission (u). The fifth, sixth and seventh fields represent the group permits (g). The last three fields represent other (or) permissions. ?? w ?? represents the writing permission, ?? x ?? represents the execution permit and ?? r ?? represents the reading permission.

Hard link and soft link

A link is a connection between a file name and real data on the hard drive. There are two types of these - ?? the hard link and the soft link.
You can create a fixed link by typing the following command:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ ln file1 file2

And a soft link by typing the following command:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ ln? S file1 file3

Change Mod
In Linux, each file is associated with three types of permissions: read (r), write (w) and execute (x). The owner of the file or the superuser can change the existing file permission. The following command will embed a write permission for the group:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ chmod g + w file1

In the same way, to grant an execution permission to other users, use the command indicated below:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ chmod o + x file1

To delete the execution permissions of a group, type the following command:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ chmod g-x file1


Current work directory

The pwd command shows the current working directory, as follows:

[bhargab @ localhost ~] $ pwd
/ home / bhargab

This means that the current working  directory, is /home/bhargab/.



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